These results indicate that quercetin inhibits synovial fibroblasts proliferation and MMPs, COX-2, and PGE2 production, which involved joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and suggest that it might be a new therapeutic agent for management of RA.
Thus, our results verified the co-occurrence of RA and periodontal inflammation using experimental mouse models of RA, suggesting that iNAMPT in PDL cells plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of RA-mediated periodontal inflammation by regulating the expression levels of catabolic genes, such as IL6, IL8, CCL5, COX-2, MMP1, and MMP3.
To compare the expression of the cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, in synovial tissue samples between patients with inflammatory arthritis (i.e., rheumatoid arthritis [RA], ankylosing spondylitis [AS], or psoriatic arthritis [PsA]) and patients with osteoarthritis (OA).
Celecoxib (CEL) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor therapeutically indicated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, acute pain, and inflammation.
Treatment of RA FLS with GW3965 induced dose-dependent reductions in mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-9, CCL-2, CCL-7, and COX-2).
Conventional medical treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis includes the use of NSAIDs (traditional and selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase [COX]-2), because they provide unmistakable and significant health benefits in the treatment of pain and inflammation.
Thus, sPLA(2)-IIA regulates AA flux through the cPLA(2)-α/COX-2 pathway in RA FLSs by up-regulating steady state levels of these biosynthetic enzymes through an indirect mechanism, rather than direct provision of substrate to the pathway.
These results indicate that kaempferol inhibits synovial fibroblast proliferation, as well as the production of and MMPs, COX‑2 and PGE2, which is involved in articular inflammation and destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
The mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes such as MnSOD, Cu/ZnSOD, ECSOD, CAT, and GPx1 was found to be downregulated, whereas COX-2 was upregulated in RA rats; however, the mRNA expression of CAT, GPx1, and COX-2 reverted back to near normal levels in SeNPs-treated animals.
Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed the lower rate of admission for subjects under combination therapy (adjusted hazard ratio of 0.275; 95% confidence interval = 0.136-0.557, P < .001).Patients with RA and T2DM receiving the combination of COX-2 inhibitors and metformin were associated with lower admission rate than those on COX-2 inhibitors alone, and this effect may be attributed to the decrease in the levels of proinflammatory factors.
Our data indicate that clinical efficacy and safety of meloxicam for rheumatoid arthritis may result from its preferential inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 activity relative to cyclooxygenase-1 on rheumatoid synoviocytes.